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Kholm ((ロシア語:Холм)) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Lovat and Kunya Rivers, north of Toropets, southwest of Staraya Russa, and south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: ==History== The Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. The settlement was first mentioned in 1144 as Kholmsky pogost (). During the Middle Ages, the town, then a seat of the Princes of Kholm, withstood innumerable sieges by Lithuanians, Poles, and Swedes. In 1777, it was elevated in status to that of an uyezd town〔 of Pskov Viceroyalty and given its present name. In 1796, it was transferred to Pskov Governorate.〔 In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Kholmsky District was established, with the administrative center in Kholm.〔Snytko et al., p. 85〕 Pskov Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.〔 On June 3, 1929, Velikiye Luki Okrug was transferred to Western Oblast.〔Snytko et al., p. 87〕 On July 23, 1930 the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.〔 On January 29, 1935, the district became a part of the newly established Kalinin Oblast. During World War II, it was occupied by the Wehrmacht from August 3, 1941 to February 21, 1944, when it was liberated. It was the scene of the Kholm Pocket from January 21 to May 5, 1942. The town was completely ruined and even now its current population is only a third of the pre-war one. On July 5, 1944, the district was included in newly established Novgorod Oblast, but already on August 22, 1944 it was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.〔Snytko et al., p. 93〕 On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Kholmsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.〔Snytko et al., p. 240〕 On July 29, 1958, it was transferred to Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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